What Plaque Psoriasis Looks Like and Available Treatments

Key Signs of Plaque Psoriasis

• Red Patches of Skin Covered With Thick, Silvery Scales: The most distinctive sign of plaque psoriasis is dry, raised, red skin lesions (plaques) covered with silvery scales. These patches may appear anywhere but are most commonly found on the scalp, elbows, knees, and lower back.
• Dry, Cracked Skin that May Bleed: As the skin becomes inflamed and irritated, it can crack, leading to pain and sometimes bleeding—a result of the skin losing its elasticity due to rapid skin cell production.
• Itching and Burning Around Patches: Itching and burning sensations are common around the affected areas, which can range from mild to severe and may increase depending on the skin’s dryness and the environment.
• Thickened, Ridged, or Pitted Nails: Nail changes are frequent in people with psoriasis, affecting up to 50% of sufferers. These changes include nail discoloration, thickening, ridging, and pitting.
• Joint Stiffness, Swelling, or Pain: Approximately 30% of individuals with plaque psoriasis develop psoriatic arthritis, which causes joint issues and can severely restrict mobility if untreated.

Causes of Plaque Psoriasis

• Genetic Factors: Plaque psoriasis often runs in families, indicating a genetic predisposition. Specific genes related to the immune system have been linked to the condition.
• Immune System Dysfunction: An overactive immune system causes inflammation and rapid skin cell turnover, leading to the formation of psoriatic plaques.
• Environmental Triggers: Certain environmental factors such as stress, skin injuries, infections, and cold weather can trigger or worsen plaque psoriasis.
• Medications: Some medications, including lithium, antimalarials, and beta-blockers, can trigger or exacerbate plaque psoriasis in susceptible individuals.
• Lifestyle Factors: Smoking, heavy alcohol consumption, and obesity have been associated with an increased risk of developing plaque psoriasis or aggravating existing conditions.

In older adults, the causes of plaque psoriasis can be further complicated by age-related factors. The aging immune system might not regulate inflammatory responses effectively, increasing susceptibility to psoriasis. Seniors often have multiple chronic conditions and take various medications, some of which can trigger or worsen psoriasis. Additionally, the skin’s ability to repair itself diminishes with age, making seniors more vulnerable to environmental triggers. Lifestyle factors such as decreased physical activity and dietary changes also play a role, potentially exacerbating the condition in older populations.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q: What triggers plaque psoriasis? A: Triggers include stress, skin injury, certain medications, and infections.

Q: Can diet affect plaque psoriasis? A: Yes, a healthy diet can help manage symptoms. Foods rich in omega-3 fatty acids, such as salmon and flaxseeds, are beneficial.

Q: Is plaque psoriasis contagious? A: No, it cannot be spread from person to person.

Medical Treatments for Plaque Psoriasis

1. Topical Treatments: These are first-line treatments and include corticosteroids, vitamin D analogues, and topical retinoids. They are applied directly to the skin to reduce inflammation, plaque formation, and skin cell production.
2. Phototherapy: This treatment involves exposing the skin to ultraviolet light under medical supervision. Regular sessions can significantly reduce or even clear the plaques over time.
3. Systemic Medications: For moderate to severe psoriasis, doctors may prescribe systemic treatments that affect the entire body, such as methotrexate, cyclosporine, and biologics. These drugs help control the immune system and reduce inflammation.
4. Biologic Drugs: Targeted biologic treatments work by blocking specific pathways in the immune system that fuel psoriasis. Examples include adalimumab, etanercept, and ustekinumab.
5. Oral Treatments: New oral treatments like apremilast can reduce inflammation by inhibiting an enzyme involved in the inflammatory process, offering another option for those who might not respond well to biologics.

Treatment Options for Plaque Psoriasis

Over-the-Counter Solutions for Plaque Psoriasis

• Moisturizers and Emollients: Moisturizing the skin is fundamental in managing plaque psoriasis. OTC moisturizers help lock in moisture and prevent water loss, which is crucial for keeping the skin supple and reducing the formation of scales. Look for products containing ingredients like glycerin, lanolin, and petrolatum, which are particularly effective. Emollients are thicker and provide a barrier that helps to keep skin hydrated longer.
• Salicylic Acid: Salicylic acid is a common ingredient in OTC treatments for psoriasis. It works as a keratolytic, which means it helps to soften and remove scales, promoting smoother skin. Salicylic acid is available in various forms such as creams, gels, shampoos, and soaps, making it versatile for treating different affected areas.
• Coal Tar: Coal tar is another traditional remedy for plaque psoriasis. It reduces scaling, itching, and inflammation. It is thought to work by slowing down the growth of skin cells and restoring the skin’s appearance. Coal tar can be found in shampoos, creams, and ointments. However, it can be messy and have a strong odor, which might be off-putting for some users.
• Hydrocortisone Creams: Low-strength hydrocortisone creams are available OTC and can be used to reduce mild inflammation and itching associated with psoriasis. These should be used sparingly and not as a long-term solution, as prolonged use can lead to skin thinning and other side effects.
• Medicated Shampoos: For scalp psoriasis, medicated shampoos containing coal tar or salicylic acid can help reduce scaling, itching, and flaking. These shampoos can be used several times a week, depending on the severity of the symptoms, and can be alternated with regular shampoos to maintain scalp health.
• Bath Solutions: Bath solutions containing colloidal oatmeal, Epsom salts, or Dead Sea salts can help soothe itching and remove scales when used regularly. A lukewarm bath with these additives can be a relaxing way to hydrate and heal the skin.

Treatment Response Rates for Plaque Psoriasis

Natural and Home Remedies

1. Aloe Vera: Applying aloe vera gel to the skin can reduce redness and scaling associated with psoriasis.
2. Apple Cider Vinegar: Used for scalp psoriasis, it can help relieve itching. Dilute it with water to prevent skin irritation.
3. Turmeric: Known for its anti-inflammatory properties, turmeric can be taken orally or used in recipes to potentially reduce psoriasis flares.
4. Oats: An oatmeal bath can soothe and reduce red, itchy skin. Ensure the water is lukewarm to prevent further irritation.
5. Tea Tree Oil: Often used in shampoos for scalp psoriasis, it has antiseptic properties that can help soothe the scalp.
6. Diet Adjustments: Reducing alcohol consumption, quitting smoking, and following a healthy diet low in processed foods and high in fruits, vegetables, and omega-3 fatty acids can improve overall health and potentially reduce psoriasis symptoms.

Best Body Wash Ingredients

• Glycerin : Moisturizes and helps retain skin hydration.
• Oatmeal : Soothes irritation and reduces itch
• Aloe Vera : Calms and relieves s
• Salicylic Acid : Ex
• Ceramides : Restor
• Urea : Provides deep hydration and
• Shea Butter : Moisturizes and nourish
• Corticosteroids : Reduce inflammat
• Vitamin D Analogs (eg, Calcipotriene) : Slow dow

Conclusion

While plaque psoriasis is a lifelong condition, understanding its signs and a combination of medical, over-the-counter, and home remedies can help manage its symptoms effectively. Regular consultations with healthcare providers ensure optimal treatment strategies tailored to individual needs and changes in the condition.

References

• https://archive.cdc.gov
• https://www.psoriasis.org
• https://www.papaa.org